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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Cross-national cooperation and agreements ： ウィキペディア英語版 Cross-national cooperation and agreements Integration is a political and economic agreement among countries that gives preference to member countries to the agreement.〔Daniels, John D. , Lee H. Radebaugh, and Daniel P Sullivan. International Business: Environment and Operations. NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009.〕 General integration can be achieved in three different approachable ways: through the World Trade Organization (WTO), bilateral integration, and regional integration.〔Daniels, John D., Lee H. Radebaugh, and Daniel P Sullivan. International Business: Environment and Operations. NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009〕 In bilateral integration, only two countries economically cooperate with one and other; whereas in regional integration, several countries within the same geographic distance become joint to form organizations such as the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Indeed, factors of mobility like capital, technology and labour are indicating strategies for cross-national integration along with those mentioned above. ==The World Trade Organization== The WTO is one of the most effective trade agreements among nations. The WTO replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1995 and has 125 member nations.currently 153 member are part of WTO. Many believe GATT initiated rampant liberalization in trade in 1947 and its move contributed to the expansion of trade all over the world by eliminating tariff and quotas. Moreover, WTO continued GATT's principle with more multilateral forum, which enables governments to settle agreements or to dispute them regarding trade. Rapid growth of trade among nations has forced the agreement to be acknowledged as a fundamental basis for the member nations to follow certain rules and regulations as the signatories of the agreement. As a result, WTO expanded its mission to include trade in services, investments, intellectual property, sanitary measures, plant health, agriculture, and textiles, as well as technical baariers to trade.〔Daniels, J., Radebaugh, L., Sullivan, D. (2007). International Business: environment and operations, 11th edition. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-186942-6〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cross-national cooperation and agreements」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.